~$ crypto-under-the-hood

# How crypto payment infrastructure actually works

~/notes / onramp

Fiat to Crypto Payment Gateway: What a Business Actually Needs

The difference between a consumer onramp and a fiat to crypto gateway built for companies: settlement accounts, invoicing, API access and reconciliation.

Ivan Kruse · · 3 min

A consumer on-ramp and a fiat to crypto gateway solve the same problem for different buyers, and the differences are not cosmetic. A company that tries to operate on a consumer product hits the same four walls in the same order. Against a fiat to crypto payment gateway, which documents this rather than describing it, the trade-offs become measurable.

Wall one: the account has to be the company

Consumer on-ramps verify individuals. The name on the bank account has to match the name on the verified identity. When a company sends money from a corporate account, the names do not match, and the transfer is returned as a third party payment.

A business gateway onboards the legal entity. That means articles of incorporation, a register extract, beneficial ownership above the threshold, and identity documents for the directors. It is more work once and then it stops being work.

Wall two: invoices, not receipts

A confirmation email is not an accounting document. What a finance team needs is an invoice carrying the company name and registration number, the transaction date, the fiat amount, the fee split out separately, the asset and quantity purchased, the rate applied, and a reference that will match the bank statement line.

If the fee is not split out, the accounting treatment gets muddled: the asset purchase and the service fee are different items and in most jurisdictions they are treated differently. A blended number forces someone to reconstruct the split, and reconstruction is where errors enter.

Wall three: the settlement destination

Consumer products send crypto to an address you type in. Business products need the destination to be controlled, allowlisted and auditable. That means a wallet address registered in advance, changes to the allowlist requiring a second approver, and a delay between adding an address and being able to send to it. Above a certain balance the same logic points at a fintech payment gateway instead.

This is the control that prevents the most expensive single failure in crypto operations, which is an employee with access sending funds to an address that is not the company’s. A twenty-four hour allowlist delay converts that from a loss into an alarm.

Wall four: the API

Manual purchases do not scale past a few a month. A business gateway exposes an endpoint that returns a quote, an endpoint that executes against that quote, a webhook confirming settlement, and a reporting endpoint for reconciliation.

What to look for specifically: does the quote have an expiry and is it honoured, are webhooks signed, is there an idempotency key on the execute call. The third one matters more than it sounds. Without idempotency, a network timeout on your side means you cannot tell whether the purchase happened, and retrying might double it.

What the pricing looks like in practice

Business gateway pricing is usually a percentage that declines with volume, quoted all-in. The headline number is often higher than a consumer app’s advertised rate and lower than what a consumer app actually charges once the spread is included.

The comparison to make is not rate against rate. It is total cost of a completed purchase, including the cost of the finance hours spent reconciling it. A gateway that costs 0.4 percent more and produces a clean monthly export is cheaper than one that saves the 0.4 percent and generates two hours of reconciliation work.

Choosing one

Ask for these four things before signing anything: a sample invoice, the API documentation, the monthly limit that will apply to your entity, and the onboarding document list. A provider that can produce all four immediately has done this before. One that cannot is going to be learning on your account.

A crypto on-ramp built for business settlement should also be able to tell you which countries it can accept corporate funds from, because that list is shorter than the list of countries it serves individuals in.

The thing that actually goes wrong

Not pricing. Onboarding timelines, and the moment when a monthly limit turns out to be lower than the payment that needs to go out. Both are solved by asking specific questions early and getting answers in writing.

# Corrections and technical nitpicks are welcome. Send them over. They get published with the fix.

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